THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT--STAGE THREE

  • MELTING of A FROZEN DROP:
  • Ejection of Charged (-) Micro-droplets

 

Formation of micro-droplets by the bursting of air bubbles, which were observed at the INTERFACE of ICE and WATER on the surface of the FREEZING DROP(1mm). The air bubbles were formed as a result of the decrease of solubility of air in water when the temperature of the drop increased upon freezing.

AIR has LESS SOLUBILITY in ICE than WATER

 

 

MICRO-DROPLETS (POSITIVELY CHARGED) ARE EJECTED THROUGH ICE SHELL of the FREEZING DROP by HIGH INTERIOR PRESSURE due to EXPANSION of AIR BUBBLES formed by PHASE CHANGE of WATER to ICE.

AIR has LESS SOLUBILITY in ICE than WATER.

TIME-TEMPERATURE for the FREEZING of A SUPERCOOLED WATER DROP(1mm) in an environment of -20/C degree.

The interior temperture of the unfrozen water drop is around 0/C degree, due to latent heat released during PHASE CHANGE of water to ice.

 

.

SECTION OF HAILSTONE, OBSERVED by POLARIZED MICROSCOPE, REVIEWED MANY AIR BUBBLES ( BACK POCKETS) AGAINST COLORED ICE.

THE BUBBLES WERE FORMED DURING FREEZING of WATER ON ICE SURFACE.

THE RINGS OF BUBBLES ZONES INSIDE THE HAILSTONE INDICATED THIS HAIL HAD TRAVELLED ( UP & DOWN) MANY TIMES INSIDE THE THUNDERCLOUD.

 
SECTION of HAILSTONE observed by

POLARIZED MICROSCOPE

 

  • LIFE CYCLE of A WATER DROP in THUNDERCLOUD
  • THREE STAGES of FRAGMENTATION

REFERENCE-

  • THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT:
  • Workman, E. .J. and
  • S. E. Reynolds,

Electrical phenomena occurring during the freezing of dilute aqueous solution and their possible relationship to thunderstorm electricity.

Phys. Rev., 78 254 259 ,I950.

THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT

 

AIR BUBBLES being RELEASED from A MELTING ICE PELLET( FROZEN DROP):

More than 300 air bubbles (average diameter of 50 um) are being released and accelerated radially from a half melted ice pellet-- (1 mm). which is following by ejection of micro-droplets by busting of these air bubbles from a melting ice pellet.

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DURING MELTING, the OUT TEMP IS WARMER than the MELTING ICE PELLET ( FROZEN DROP).

please note those air bubbles keep distance with each other because they each carried same sign of electric charge(-).
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ATMOSPHERIC
SCIENCES
SNOW and ICE
CLOUD SEEDING
FREEZING
of A WATER DROP
FRAGMENTATION
of A FROZEN DROP
MELTING of
A FROZEN DROP
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