The MICRO-WORLD in our ENVIRONMENT

ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES

  • Roger J. CHENG, ASRC SUNY UALBANY

  • ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES RESEARCH CENTER
  • STATE UNIVERSITY of NEW YORK
POWER PLANT EMISSION
ACID RAIN FORMATION
ECOLOGICAL EFFECT
ALBEDO of CLOUDS
BUILDING EROSION
ATMOSPHERIC PTS
CARBONACEOUS PTS
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

 

A JOURNEY through MICROSCOPE exploring

The UNSEEN SECRETS of our ENVIRONMENT

纽约州立大学，大气科学研究中心 郑均华研究员主持的科研项目

 
 
WHO want to KNOW MORE the SECRETS of OUR ENVIRONMENT and
WHO wish to SEE the INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS, ACID RAIN and the ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS on our ENVIRONMENT.

 

 
  • HOLLOW PARTICLES in the ATMOSPHERE
  • ROGER J CHENG, ASRC SUNY UALBANY
海洋中的微观世界--"The MICRO-WORLD in the MARINE ATMOSPHERE"
 大气空心粒子的发现
●  1.火电排放；
 2.海洋气溶胶（海盐）；
 3.火山灰

● 如若空心粒子在大气中是相当普遍的，那用来观测气溶胶粒子大小的仪器设备将无法用来

同时测量气溶胶粒子的质量。

 The DISCOVERY of HOLLOW ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES
● 1. Power Plant Emission;
 2. Marine (sea salt) Aerosol;
 3. Volcanic Ash
● If hollow particles are common in the atmosphere, then instruments that measure particle size cannot be used to obtain particle mass. (TSP).

IF HOLLOW PARTICLES ARE COMMON in the ATMOSPHERE

  • THEN INSTRUMENTS that MEASURE PARTICLE SIZE
  • CANNOT BE USED TO OBTAIN PARTICLE MASS (TSP)
POWER PLANT EMISSION
ACID RAIN FORMATION
ECOLOGICAL EFFECT
ALBEDO of CLOUDS
BUILDING EROSION
ATMOSPHERIC PTS
CARBONACEOUS PTS
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

 

  • *****POWER PLANT EMISSION****

  • ROGER J. CHENG, ASRC UALBANY SUNY

 

 

 

北京沙尘--电镜的观察

BEIJING SAND DUST -SEM OBSERVATION

Roger J. CHENG, ASRC SUNY UALBANY

纽约州立大学，大气科学研究中心 郑均华研究员 的科研项目

北京沙尘--电镜的观察

BEIJING SAND DUST -SEM OBSERVATION

SAND DUST (left) from GOBI DESERT-? and FLYASH(right) from POWER PLANT ?

http://rogerjcheng.com/ENVIRONMENT-ATMOSPHERIC%20PARTICLES.htm

http://rogerjcheng.com/ENVIRONMENT-CLIMATE%20CHANGE.htm

 

SAND DUST STORM in USA-JULY 5, 2011

****大气中的微观世界 系列**** 沙尘暴-USA

The biggest dust storm in living memory rolls into Phoenix on July 5, 2011, reducing visibility to zero. Desert thunderstorms kicked up the mile-high wall of dust and sand.----------

- Photograph by Daniel Bryant
The tempest of historic proportions rolled through the city as residents scrambled for cover and thousands were left without power in the scorching desert heat.

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2190397/Incredible-National-Geographic-pictures-extreme-weather-battering-U-S.html#ixzz2QwBpaSby

 

 

CHARACTERIZATION of DIFFERENCES between

OIL-FIRED and COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT EMISSIONS

SHEN T T-NEW YORK STATE DEPT.of ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

CHENG R J & MOHNEN V A --ASRC UALBANY SUNY

CURRENT M & HUDSON J B-RESSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

The 4th INTERNATIONAL CLEAN AIR CONGRESS

MAY16-20, 1977-TOKYO, JAPAN

 

****大气中的微观世界 系列--4.海洋****

海洋中云凝结核（CCN）的显微观察，测试研究报告

http://rogerjcheng.com/OBSERVATION%20of%20MARINE%20AEROSOL-ROGER%20J%20CHENG%20ASRC%20UALBANY%20SUNY%20USA.htm

OBSERVATION of MARINE AEROSOL-ROGER J CHENG ASRC UALBANY SUNY USA.htm

1，附带硫化物（CaSO/4,MgSO/4）的气溶胶的测定。
• 2，海盐颗粒空心球体的发现。
• 3，氯化物（MgCl/2和KCl）在凝结核表面的证实。

纽约州立大学，大气科学研究中心郑均华研究员主持的科研项目

 
  • The FORMATION of HOLLOW
  • SEA-SALT PARTICLES

from the EVAPORATION of DROPS of SEAWATER

Roger J. Cheng, Duncan C. Blanchard and Ramon J. Ciprianoa

  • Atmospheric Sciences Research Center
  • State University of New York at Albany
  • Received 12 December 1986; accepted 31 July 1987.

Abstract

Some non-volatile materials dissolved in water drops will, upon evaporation of the water, produce a hollow shell of the material. Though known for years in the chemical engineering literature, this fact was not appreciated by those working with the marine sea-salt aerosol. Our laboratory experiments show that a majority of seawater drops in free fall in air with a relative humidity less than about 60% evaporate, become salt-saturated, and change phase to produce hollow sea-salt particles. Some hollow salt particles have been found in marine air, though further investigation is required to show the extent of this phenomenon. Expressions have been derived from which both the size of the original drop of seawater and its salt supersaturation at the time of phase change can be calculated from the inner and outer radii of the salt shell. If hollow particles are common in the marine aerosol, then instruments that measure particle size cannot be used to obtain particle mass.

Résumé

Certaines substances non volatiles dissoutes dans les gouttes d'eau produisent, à l'évaporation de l'eau, des coquilles creuses. Ce processus est bien connu en génie chimique, et pourtant il n'en est pas tenu compte dans les travaux sur les aérosols salins océaniques. Nos expériences de laboratoire montrent que lorsque des gouttes du de mer tombent en chute libre dans de l'air à moins de 60% d'humidité relative, la plupart d'entre elles arrivent à saturation et changent de phase pour produire des particules salines creuses. On a d'ailleurs trouvé des particules creuses de sel dans de l'air marin, mais d'autres recherches sont nécessaires pour connaître l'étendue du phénomène. On présente des relations qui donnent la dimension de la goutte originale d'eau de mer, ainsi que la sursaturation au changement de phase, à partir des rayons intérieurs et extérieurs de la coquille de sel. S'il est prouvé que les particules creuses sont courantes dans l'aérosol marin, on ne pourra pas utiliser les appareils qui mesurent les dimensions des particules pour évaluer la masse de l'aérosol.

 

Atmospheric Research

Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 15-25 June 1988,

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

  • The FORMATION of HOLLOW SEA-SALT PARTICLES
  • from the EVAPORATION of DROPS of SEAWATER
  • ROGER J. CHENG
  • ASRC SUNY UALBANY

***CITATION***

by DR. H.K. PRUPPACHER'S TEAM of GERMANY

A, "A Wind Tunnel Study on the Drop-to-Particle Conversion"
JOURNAL of AEROSOL SCIENCES,
Vol.23, No.3, 1992.

by Dr. Pruppacher's term at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Germany)

 

B, MICROPHYSICS OF CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION ;
By Dr. Pruppacher and Dr. Klett,
Second Revised and Enlarged Edition.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997

 

 

A NEW MECHANISM for the GENERATION of

HIGH SULFATE ENRICHED AEROSOLS in the MARINE ATMOSPHERE

(CaSO/4, MgSO/4---NOT DMS)

Roger J. CHENG: ASRC SUNY UALBANY

****大气中的微观世界 系列****

纽约州立大学，大气科学研究中心 郑均华研究员主持的科研项目

 

Presented at: 9th WORLD CLEAN AIR CONGRESS

AUGUST 30- SEPTEMBER 4, 1992

MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA

 
 

 

 

ROGER J. CHENG, ASRC SUNY UALBANY
PARTICLES EXHAUSTED from AUTOMOBILE

 

 汽车废气可能影响天气吗？.... 观察与实验结果

汽车废气

 

CATALYST PLUGGING in VEHICLES

WEATHER MODIFICATION by AUTO EXHAUST

*******************************************************

  • MICROSCOPIC STUDY of LEAD IODIDE-
  • NUCLEATED ICE CRYSTALS

  • ROGER J. CHENG, ASRC SUNY UALBANY
SEEDS of LEAD may BLOOM into CLOUDY DAYS

NATURE JOURNAL-1982-in CHINESE

 汽车废气可能影响天气吗？.... 观察与实验结果
 
 自然杂志  1982年 5卷1期

王明康 教授   南京大学 大气科学系，中美交流学者

郑均华 研究员   纽约州立大学 大气科学研究中心

 《自然杂志》 1982年01期
 汽车废气可能影响天气吗?
王明康  郑均华  

【摘要】：正随着工业生产和交通运输的不断发展,每天从工厂和汽车排出的大量废气不但影响人体的健康,而且,
从气象角度来看,还可能影响天气。
以汽车废气为例,汽油中含有铅,从废气中排出后就有可能和大气中的碘相结合,形成碘化铅,它和碘化银相似,
在大气科学中用来产生大量人工冰晶,正是这种方法可以弥补自然云体中冰晶的不足……..
HOME
ATMOSPHERIC
SCIENCES
SNOW and ICE
CLOUD SEEDING
FREEZING
of A WATER DROP
FRAGMENTATION
of A FROZEN DROP
MELTING of
A FROZEN DROP
CHARGE within
An ICE CRYSTAL
PUBLICATION
and CITATION

 

汽车废气 ,含有铅的颗粒物 及对人体的健康影响

AUTO EXHAUST, LEAD PARTICLES and The EFFECT to our HEALTH

****大气中的微观世界 系列: 含有铅的颗粒物 ****

纽约州立大学，大气科学研究中心 郑均华研究员主持的科研项目

汽车尾气

汽车尾气

 

汽车尾气污染严重，北京几成“雾都”

“北京快变成‘雾都’了！”家住东城区青年湖旁的退休职工魏大妈今天对记者抱怨：“本来中午要出门吃饭的，但空气污染这么严重就改变主意了，还是在家吃吧。今天早上晨练也没去。”
今天虽然是个晴天，但阳光依然没能让空气中的污染物散去，天空依然是灰蒙蒙的，能见度较低，一些市民因此减少了户外活动。

　　据了解，随着空气中污染物的迅速堆积，11月2日北京的空气质量继1日的“轻微污染”后迅速“滑坡”为“中度重污染”，而今天的空气质量首次遭遇下半年以来最严重的污染，为五级重度污染。
气象专家表示，这种空气质量超标的天气将持续2至3天，6日预计将会有4到5级的北风，有望缓解糟糕的空气污染。
目前，北京由于受偏西气流控制，大气层比较稳定，天空云量明显增加。“由于暂时没有冷空气登陆，空气中堆积的污染物得不到扩散，空气质量和空气能见度都比较差。”气象专家介绍说。
除了天气的原因，北京市环保局的有关专家还分析说，京城空气中的污染物容易凝聚主要有以下两方面的原因：

http://www.jiaodong.net2005-11-04 11:03:11工人日报

http://www.jiaodong.net/news/system/2005/11/04/000781419.shtml

 

汽车尾气污染对人体健康的危害


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《中国卫生工程学》
2002年第4期
核心期刊论文速发快发（点击进入）
摘　　要:
笔者对汽车尾气污染城市大气环境及对人体健康的危害进行探讨. 　　1 汽车尾气污染现状 　　我国定期发布空气质量周报的30个城市的资料显示,有相当一部分城市的空气呈现中度、重度污染.环保部门监测表明:大气中HC的96%,CO的86%,NOx的56%来自机动车排放,北京、上海、广州等10余个城市已经出现最为严重的光化学烟雾的先兆. 　　……

http://2010.cqvip.com/qk/86054X/200204/1001069405.html

汽车尾气污染控制


汽车尾气污染控制是减少汽车尾气污染的各项技术措施。汽车尾气污染主要由一氧化碳、烃和氮氧化物的排放造成的。烃是未指定的碳氢化合物混合物的总称，产生于汽油、柴油以及它们的燃烧产物，以CHx表示。NOx排放物通常以NO为主。并有少量（<10%）NO2。柴油燃烧还会产生严重的黑烟和特有的臭气。为了能最高水平控制汽车污染，与未加控制的车辆相比，至少需要将CHx和CO减少96%，NOx减少75%，颗粒物减少90%。这种高水平的控制需要改变燃料和燃料添加剂，改进发动机（机内控制）以及在排气系统中进行尾气后处理（机外控制）。

http://baike.baidu.com/view/1852559.htm

中国汽车尾气污染严重 大气污染问题频繁发生

2010年11月05日09:14  来源：《法制日报》
首次坐上世界汽车产销第一大国位置的中国正在饱受严重的汽车尾气污染之苦。

环保部今日首次发布的《中国机动车污染防治年报(2010年度)》(以下简称“年报”)透露,2009年我国首次成为世界汽车产销第一大国,汽车产销量的飙升也带来了严重的机动车污染问题。“年报”认为,我国机动车污染日益严重,机动车尾气排放已成为我国大中城市空气污染的主要来源。其中,全国113个环保重点城市中三分之一的城市空气质量不达标。

为控制日益严重的机动车污染,环保部表示,将加强对在用机动车的环境监管。

http://auto.people.com.cn/GB/1049/13137520.html
   
   

ENVRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN CHINA: POLLUTION, MERCURY, LEAD POISONING, CANCER VILLAGES, AND HEALTH PROBLEMS

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN CHINA

Lead Poisoning in China

 China is the world’s leading producer and consumer of lead. There have been numerous cases of mass lead poisoning---including reports of severe lead poisoning in Hunan, Henan, Yunnan and Shanxii Provinces---along with instances in which local governments tried to cover them up. Sharon Lafraniere wrote in the New York Times in June 2011, “In the past two and a half years, thousands of workers, villagers and children in at least 9 of mainland China’s 31 province-level regions have been found to be suffering from toxic levels of lead exposure...The cases underscore a pattern of government neglect seen in industry after industry as China strives for headlong growth with only embryonic safeguards.” [Source: Sharon Lafraniere, New York Times, June 15, 2011]

 A report by Human Rights Watch released in June 2011 states that some local officials have reacted to mass poisonings by arbitrarily limiting lead testing, withholding and possibly manipulating test results, denying proper treatment to children and adults and trying to silence parents and activists. “What we are trying to underscore is how little has been done to address the massive impact of lead pollution in China,” Joe Amon, the organization’s health and human rights director, told the New York Times. “It really has affected a whole generation of kids.” [Ibid]

 “In more developed nations, where lead pollution has been tightly regulated for decades, a pattern of lead poisoning like China’s would most likely be deemed a public-health emergency. Lead poisoning can damage the nervous, muscular and reproductive systems. High levels can damage the brain, kidney, liver, nerves and stomach and, in extreme cases, cause death. Children are particularly susceptible because they absorb lead more easily than adults.” “No blood lead level has been found to be safe for a child,” Dr. Mary Jean Brown, chief of the lead poisoning prevention branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, told the New York Times.

 “Chasing the political dividends of economic development, local officials regularly overlook environmental contamination, worker safety and dangers to public health until forced to confront them. The few published studies point to a huge problem. One 2001 research paper called lead poisoning one of the most common pediatric health problems in China. A 2006 review of existing data suggested that one-third of Chinese children suffer from elevated blood lead levels.“

 

http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=394

汽车尾气污染_百度文库

  
汽车尾气污染
汽车尾气污染是由汽车排放的废气造成的环境污染。主要污染物为碳氢化合物、氮氧化合物、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、含 铅化合物、苯丙芘及固体颗粒物等，能引起光化学烟雾等。


关注信息

汽车虽然是21世纪最重要的交通工具，但它有许多弊端。
汽车污染是由汽车排放的废气造成的环境污染。可以说，汽车是一个流动的污染源。在世界各国，汽车污染早已不是新话题。20世纪40年代以来，光化学烟雾事件在美国洛杉矶、日本东京

  汽车排气管排出内燃机废气
等城市多次发生，造成不少人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失！
进入21世纪，汽车污染日益成为全球性问题。随着汽车数量越来越多、使用范围越来越广，它对世界环境的负面效应也越来越大，尤其是危害城市环境，引发呼吸系统疾病，造成地表空气臭氧含量过高，加重城市热岛效应，使城市环境转向恶化。


编辑本段有害成分

含铅物质
汽车尾气排放的含铅颗粒大部分来自内燃机的废气排放。四乙铅是作为抗爆剂加进汽油中的，一般汽油的含铅量在0.08%~0.13%之间，四乙铅燃烧后生成氧化铅排出。铅主要作用于神经系统、造血系统、消化系统和肝、肾等器官。铅能抑制血红蛋白的合成代谢过程，还能直接作用于成熟的红细胞。经由呼吸系统进入人体的铅粒，颗粒较大者能吸附于呼吸道的粘液上，混于痰中而吐出；颗粒较小者，便沉积于肺的深部组织，它们几乎全被吸收。铅在人体内各器官中积累到一定程度，会对人的心脏、肺等造成损害，使人贫血，行为呆傻，智力下降，注意力不集中，严重的还可能导致不育症以及高血压。根据进入身体的方式，可以有高达60%的摄入总铅量永久留在人体内，成年人血液中混入0.8mg以上称为铅中毒。

http://baike.baidu.com/view/873088.htm

 

汽车尾气污染对环境造成的危害

发布时间：2013-7-8 11:30:20 点击次数：71

汽车尾气污染是汽车排放的废气造成的环境污染。可以说，汽车是一个流动的污染源。现代城市汽车成千上万，像蚂蚁、蝗虫一样挤满大街小巷，其尾气排放量是惊人的，是城市一大公害，也是人体致癌的诱因。我的一位朋友很有感慨地写了一首诗形容汽车尾气和噪声的危害。诗的题名叫《城市汽车链》，诗是这样写的：城市汽车成链堆，浊浊尾气漫街边。老妇临街顿昏倒，震耳噪声刺心扉。
汽车尾气、烟尘经太阳照射而蒸发出致癌物的柏油马路等，都是城市空气污染的来源。出现交通拥堵时情况更糟，这时汽车行驶缓慢，尾气燃烧不充分所产生的致癌物质，比汽车畅通行驶时更多。而在大城市，道路两侧多为高楼大厦空气中的这些致癌物得不到及时散发。从防癌的角度讲，刮大风反倒有利于有毒物质的消散。

http://doc.51daifu.net/doc_pM6584116a8dff9f09c0695bd6e6c75f9263cee4611397de818efbe0eb45338274704

http://doc.51daifu.net/doc_pM6584116a8dff9f09c0695bd6e6c75f9263cee4611397de818efbe0eb45338274704f491fac

261c964f1aeb6ebf006bf5.htm

中国汽车尾气污染严重 大气污染问题频繁发生

2010年11月05日09:14  来源：《法制日报》
首次坐上世界汽车产销第一大国位置的中国正在饱受严重的汽车尾气污染之苦。

环保部今日首次发布的《中国机动车污染防治年报(2010年度)》(以下简称“年报”)透露,2009年我国首次成为世界汽车产销第一大国,汽车产销量的飙升也带来了严重的机动车污染问题。“年报”认为,我国机动车污染日益严重,机动车尾气排放已成为我国大中城市空气污染的主要来源。其中,全国113个环保重点城市中三分之一的城市空气质量不达标。

为控制日益严重的机动车污染,环保部表示,将加强对在用机动车的环境监管。

http://auto.people.com.cn/GB/1049/13137520.html

 

  • INDUSTRIALLY GENERATED ASBESTOS FIBERS:
  • CHARACTERIZATION and ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

  • ROGER J CHENG, ASRC UALBANY SUNY

References:

1, Cheng, R.J.and A.M. Pitaniello "Characterization and Identification of Asbestos". Proceedings of AGGIH Symposium on Asbestos Identification and Measurement. OSRA Training Center, Des Plaines, Ill. USA, 1979

2, Cheng,R.J. "The Identification of Asbestos by Electron Microscopy", Proceedings of the Air Pollution Control Association, 73rd Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada, 1980

3, Hershey, D.C and R.J. Cheng "Identifying Asbestos in Building Material" Proceedings of Pittsburgh Conference & Exposition on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, New Orleans, LA.USA, 1988

4, Cheng, R.J. "Industrially Generated Asbestos Fibers: Characterization and Environmental Risk Assessment". Workshop on Indoor air Pollution and Environmental Health, Sponsored by The Environmental Protection Administration, Taipei, Taiwan, China, 1989

5, Reports on Asbestos by: A, American Lung Association B, Consumer Product Safety Commission C, United States Environmental Protection Agency
The MICRO-WORLD in the ATMOSPHERE
-The ROLE of FINE PARTICLES

Roger J. CHENG, ASRC UALBANY SUNY

 

 

  • The MICROSCOPE probes BEAUTY in POLLUTION
  • DIALOGUE-
  • JIAO-LIU
  • 4/1986
ROGER J CHENG, ASRC SUNY UALBANY
 

 
  • HOLE in ONE on ASRC'S 18th GREEN
  • CHENG with HIS TOYS and HAVING FUN-ASRC-SUNY

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