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STAGE-1:
FREEZING
of A
WATER DROP
A
LARGE PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL MASS OF WATER IN THE FORM
OF NUMEROUS MICRO-DROPLETS. RANGING FROM LESS THAN A MICRON
TO 20 MICRONS IN DIAMETER, WAS GENERATED FROM A FREEZING
SUPER-COOLED WATER DROP . THE DURATION OF GENERATION OF
THESE MICRO- DROPLETS WAS 50 SECONDS FOR A 1 MM WATER
DROP
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STAGE-2:
FRAGMENTATION
of A
FROZEN DROP
ICE
CRYSTAL FRAGMENTS WERE PRODUCED BY SUBLIMATION. GOVERNED
BY THE CURVATURE EFFECT, FROM THE FROSTY SURFACE OF
A FROZEN PARTICLE . SUCH AS. AN ICE PELLET. HAIL OR GRAUPEL.
HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF ICE FRAGMENTS WERE OBSERVED
NEAR TWO TEMPERATURE ZONES: -5C AND -15C DEGREE.
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STAGE-3:
MELTING
of A
FROZEN DROP
MICRO-DROPLETS
WERE EJECTED BY THE BURSTING OF AIR BUBBLES RELEASED
FROM A MELTING ICE PELLET OR HAIL, MORE THAN 500 AIR BUBBLES
WITH AN AVERAGE DIAMETER OF 50 MICRONS WERE OBSERVED TO
BE RELEASED FROM A HALF-MELTED 1 MM ICE PELLET.
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THERMOELECTRIC
EFFECT:
HIGH
ELECTRICAL CHARGES CARRIED BY THESE FRAGMENTS WERE MEASURED.
AND THEIR POLARITIES WERE DETERMINED BY THE TEMPERATURE
GRADIENT WITHIN EACH HYDROMETEOR IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT.
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THIS
OBSERVED MICROSCOPIC PHENOMENON OF
THE FRAGMENTATION OF HYDRDMETEORS WITH THEIR ACCOMPANYING
ELECTRICAL CHARGES SUGGESTS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
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PRESENTED
at :
- INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE on CLOUD PHYSICS
- LONDON,
ENGLAND--AUGUST
21-27, 1972
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